"Jawaharlal Nehru: Architect of India's Destiny and First Prime Minister"

 

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) was an Indian nationalist leader, politician, and the first Prime Minister of independent India. Here is a step-by-step overview of his life, education, and career, along with relevant keywords:

1. Early Life and Family Background:
• Born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India.
• Comes from a prominent political family; his father, Motilal Nehru, was a lawyer and leader of the Indian National Congress.
2. Education:
• Educated in India and abroad.
• Studied at Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge.
• Graduated with a degree in Natural Sciences from Cambridge.
3. Return to India and Political Activism:
• Returned to India in 1912 and started practicing law.
• Became influenced by nationalist ideas and joined the Indian National Congress.
4. Role in Indian National Congress:
• Played an active role in the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) led by Mahatma Gandhi.
• Advocated for complete independence from British rule.
5. Leadership and Ideology:
• Embraced socialist and secular ideals.
• Advocated for a united, democratic, and socialist India.
• Became a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi.
6. Role during Independence Struggle:
• Played a key role in negotiations with the British for India's independence.
• Led the Congress during pivotal moments, including the Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement.
7. Founding of the Non-Aligned Movement:
• After India gained independence in 1947, Nehru played a significant role in shaping India's foreign policy.
• Coined the term "Non-Aligned Movement" and worked to establish it during the Cold War.
8. Becoming India's First Prime Minister:
• Became the first Prime Minister of India on August 15, 1947.
• Focused on nation-building, economic development, and social reforms.
9. Domestic Policies and Initiatives:
• Launched the Five-Year Plans to promote industrialization and economic growth.
• Advocated for land reforms and social welfare programs.
• Established institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs).
10. Foreign Policy and International Relations:
• Advocated for nuclear disarmament and peaceful coexistence.
• Worked to strengthen India's position on the global stage.
• Actively participated in international forums like the United Nations.
11. Legacy and Passing:
• Nehru's leadership laid the foundation for modern India's democratic institutions and policies.
• Passed away on May 27, 1964, leaving a significant impact on Indian politics and society.

Keywords: Jawaharlal Nehru, education, Indian National Congress, Non-Cooperation Movement, independence struggle, Quit India Movement, Non-Aligned Movement, Prime Minister, Five-Year Plans, economic development, social reforms, foreign policy, international relations, legacy.